Yield performance and AMMI biplot analysis of some sugar beet varieties under olive mill waste treatments at multi environmental conditions

Abstract

Olive Mill Waste OMW management has been a major issue of environmental concern for olive oil-producing countries. Since, it can be a serious nuisance, when disposed untreated, due to its significantly high organic load, phytotoxic properties, and relatively low biodegradability. An increasing interest has been shown in spreading OMW on agricultural lands to recycle the organic matter and fertilize the soil. This work aims to study the effect of four treatments of olive mill waste viz: OMW fertilizer without treatment (control), raw olive, photochemical and biological detoxification treatments on some biochemical contents growth, yield and quality of six sugar beet varieties, four multi-germ (Gazilla, Magribel, Sultan and Serona) and two monogerm (Polat and Natura) and evaluated under three locations two locations at El-Sabaheia, and Giza research stations Sugar Crops Research Institute, ARC  Alexandria and Giza Governments and the other was farmer’s field at Ismailia Government, Egypt, during two successive seasons 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 using a split-plot design in randomized complete block arrangement over locations and years in three replicates. All collected data were subjected to the combined analysis of variance. The results showed decreasing trends for total phenol concentration from 616.25 to 404.36 and 354.58 mg/100g in case of raw OMW material, biological and photochemical treatments. Dehydrogenase activity increased in response to OMW treatments. Ismailia environment recorded the maximum mean values and exceeded that at Giza and Alexandria environments in LAI, NAR, total chlorophyll, RFW, root and sugar yields which have been the best environment for sugar beet production. Quality parameters like Sucrose%, Na, α-amino N, sugar extractable % at Alexandria surpassed those at Ismailia and Giza.  Gazilla variety showed significant superiority over the other tested varieties in root length, diameter and fresh weight, LAI, NAR, total chlorophyll and out-yielded Natura variety by 2.77 ton, which recorded the lowest values for these traits. The different forms of OMW fertilizer significantly affected LAI, NAR, total chlorophyll, root and sugar yields and its components and quality parameters of sugar beet. Photochemical treatment showed the highest values of all studied traits followed by biological treatment and significantly increased root and sugar yields by 1.40, 0.24 ton/fed compared with control and by 1.62 and 0.29 ton/fed, compared with direct application. On the other hand, either photochemical or biological treatment enhanced sucrose% and significantly reduced Na and sugar lost to molasses% compared with control. The stability and adaptability of AMMI biplot showed that variety, Natura as the highest producer of sugar yield per fadan and also showed Ismailia as the environment with the greatest effect of GE interaction. The percentage of explanation of the sum of squares was high by AMMI biplot.