Exploring the Complex System of Energy Consumption Associated with 5G Network Deployment in Nigeria

Abstract

This study explored the complex system of energy consumption associated with 5G network deployment in the cities of Abuja, Lagos, and Rivers, employing a sequential explanatory mixed-methods research design. The investigation integrated quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis, targeting stakeholders in the telecommunications and energy sectors. The study examined factors influencing energy consumption, the potential of alternative energy sources, and the importance of stakeholder collaboration and government policies in managing energy consumption during 5G network deployment. Quantitative results demonstrated that the number of 5G base stations (β = 0.25, p < 0.001) and user density (β = 0.30, p < 0.001) were positively related to energy consumption, while the adoption of energy efficiency strategies (β = -0.40, p < 0.001) contributed to reduced energy consumption. Qualitative findings emphasized the challenges the existing energy infrastructure faces, such as insufficient capacity and frequent power outages. They underscored the significance of implementing energy-efficient solutions and fostering effective collaboration among stakeholders backed by government policies. Solar energy emerged as the most preferred alternative energy source, with 40% of stakeholders supporting its use. In conclusion, successfully deploying 5G networks in Abuja, Lagos, and Rivers necessitates a comprehensive approach to managing energy consumption. This includes implementing energy-efficient solutions, integrating alternative energy sources, and facilitating strong collaboration among stakeholders, underpinned by effective government policies. This approach will empower the cities to capitalize on the benefits of 5G technology while minimizing environmental impact and promoting sustainable development.