Abstract

Based on the analysis, conducted by the Non communicable Diseases Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) the number of adults living with diabetes worldwide has surpassed 800 million, more than quadrupling since 1990. This highlights the scale of the diabetes epidemic and an urgent need for stronger global action to address both rising disease rates and widening treatment gaps, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Jatropha curcas “castor oil plant” or “hedge castor oil plant” was collected from Federal University Dutse botanical garden. It was then dried at a room temperature and pulverized into a powdered form using a hammer miller (Gallenkamp-235). Two hundred gram (200 g) of the pulverized sample was cold extracted in 800 ml of 60% methanol and 40% hexane (v/v) mixture. A total of 30 albino Wistar rats of average weight 154.7 ± 1.30 g were used. They were grouped into six viz: Group I – VI using complete randomized designed (CRD). At the end of day three of continuous oral administration of the MSG (Induction period). Treatment with both standard drug and the J. curcas extract was carried out at two days interval in group 1 and groups II – V respectively. The fasting blood sugar and triglyceride level was assessed at five days interval. Phytochemical analysis of the extract reveals the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponin, flavonoids, phenols and fatty substances. There was significant decrease (p >= 0.05) in the blood sugar level as the treatment regime progresses from the induction onward compared to the negative control. Also, the blood triglycerides level significantly (p >= 0.05) falls in the pattern with the blood sugar. The triglycerides/Glucose (TyG) index was found to be 0.88, 0.69, 0.95 in groups III – V compare favourably with the standard group I, while groups II and VI clearly showed higher unimpressive values of 1.97 and 1.26. The result taken together showed the potency of J. curcas methanol/ethyl acetate extract in the management of T2DM.