Original Research Article
Effect of Crude Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Phyllanthus amarus and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (Tenofovir-Lamivudine Combination) in Wistar Rats
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Article Number: DRJHP101763090732
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26765/DRJHP101763090732
ISSN: 2449-0814
Vol.8 (5), pp. 52-64, August 2020
Copyright © 2020
Author(s) retain the copyright of this article
Abstract
The effect of the ethanolic crude leaf extract and fractions of Phyllanthus amarus on the deleterious effects of the prolonged administration of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) (Tenofovir-Lamivudine) in Wistar rats was investigated. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the crude leaf extract and fractions showed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenols. Quantitatively, alkaloids (3.73±0.10, 1.70±0.10 for crude extract and fraction I respectively); tannins (9.08±0.07, 4.17±0.07 for crude extract and fraction I respectively); phenols (7.41±0.07, 2.09±0.07 and 4.96±0.44 for crude extract, fraction I and fraction II respectively); flavonoids (11.87±0.56, 4.58±0.24 and 3.17±0.07 for crude extract, fraction I and fraction II respectively); saponins (5.99±0.19, 2.02±0.20 and 3.01±0.14 for crude extract, fraction I and fraction II respectively) and terpenoids (1.27±0.10 for crude extract only) were estimated. Invitro antioxidants status of the crude leaf extract and fractions was determined using DPPH, FRAP and TBARS with the ethanolic crude leaf extract showing more of the antioxidant potentials than its fractions. The administration ethanolic crude leaf extract and fractions of Phyllanthus amarus and HAART which lasted for 21 days showed that animals that received 300mg/kg body weight of HAART showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the levels of AST, ALT, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine levels. However, co-treatment of these animals with ethanolic crude leaf extract, fraction 1 and fraction 2 (100, 200mg/kg body weight respectively) of Phyllanthus amarus revealed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the levels of AST, ALT, total bilirubin, urea and creatinine levels with a corresponding significant increase (P<0.05) in total protein and albumin levels. The results from this research showed that the ethanolic crude leaf extract and fractions of Phyllanthus amarus has expressed its ameliorative potential by reversing the deleterious effects of prolonged HAART administration on the experimental animals.
Keywords: Phyllanthus amarus, ameliorative, ethanolic crude leaf extract and fractions, highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), antioxidantReceived: July 30, 2020 Accepted: August 15, 2020 Published: August 31, 2020