Impact of Integration of Renewable Energy Sources on Power System Stability, Fault Protection and Location: A Review

Abstract

Power generation is typically based on fossil fuels, which contribute to global warming. As a result, to mitigate global warming, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are being integrated into power systems as superior alternatives to traditional fuels for generating energy. However, integration faces socioeconomic and technical hurdles. This review examines the issues posed by RES integration to power system stability, fault protection, and location. The knowledge-based approaches, impedance and low frequency-based methods, and high frequency and travelling wave methods are fairly used to solve the issues of fault location in power systems. The knowledge-based methods are more exact and faster than the other two fault location methods assessed. The Flexible Alternative Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, as well as the allocation of Distributed Generation Sources (DGS), the Superconductivity Fault Current Limiter (SFCL), the Controllers, and the virtual DGS, are used to address the challenges of power system stability caused by the integration of RES in the system. These findings are important to researchers and power system operators because, if implemented, they can increase the usage of RES sources in the power system, reducing global warming and ensuring a sustainable environment.

Highlights:

The impact of RES on fault location is solved using knowledge-based methods.

Optimized and programmed relays are applied to mitigate the impact of RES on protection schemes.

Virtual DGs are applied to solve the impact of RES on power system stability.

keywords: renewable energy Sources, Stability, Fault Protection